Nonparametric Competitors to the Two-Way ANOVA

↵LARRY E. TOOTHAKER is David Ross Boyd Professor of Psychology at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019. He specializes in robustness of ANOVA, including repeated measures designs, multiple comparison procedures, and nonparametrics.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Expert Status and Performance

Expert judgements are essential when time and resources are stretched or we face novel dilemmas requiring fast solutions. Good advice can save lives and large sums of money. Typically, experts are defined by their qualifications, track record and experience [1], [2]. The social expectation hypothesis argues that more highly regarded and more experienced experts will give better advice. We asked experts to predict how they will perform, and how their peers will perform, on sets of questions. The results indicate that the way experts regard each other is consistent, but unfortunately, ranks are a poor guide to actual performance. Expert advice will be more accurate if technical decisions routinely use broadly-defined expert groups, structured question protocols and feedback

Nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers in pregnant adolescents: a systematic review of studies in developed countries

Background: Babies born to adolescent mothers have been shown to have poorer outcomes compared to those born to adults. Nutritional status may have an important role to play in improving the health of pregnant adolescents; however there is a lack of evidence regarding the adequacy of adolescent diets during pregnancy. This systematic review aims to examine what is known about the nutritional status of adolescent pregnant women. Methods: A systematic search of the literature identified 21 studies which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Primary research papers using any methods were included where they were published in English between January 1995 and May 2015 and included measurements of nutrient intakes or biological markers of nutritional status in pregnant women aged 11-19 years. Individual study data was first summarised narratively before study means were pooled to give an estimate of nutritional status in the population. Results: The results show that individual studies reported intakes of energy, fibre and a number of key micronutrients which were below recommended levels. Biological markers of iron and selenium status also showed cause for concern. Pooled analysis of individual means as a percentage of UK Dietary Reference Intakes showed intakes of vitamin D (34.8 % CI 0-83.1) to be significantly below recommendations (p=0.05). Serum selenium levels were also found to be low (61.8 μg/L, CI 39-84). Conclusions: This review has identified a number of areas where the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents is sub-optimal, which may have implications for the health of adolescent mothers and their babies. It was not however possible to examine the impact of supplement use or socio-demographic characteristics which limits the interpretation these results. Further work is needed to establish the characteristics of those most at risk within this population, how this differs from adult pregnant women and the role of supplementation in achieving adequate nutrition

Combining forecasts : forty years later

This article is dedicated to the memory of Clive Granger, a founding editor of this journal. Its title echoes the title of his invited review article in a special issue of the Journal of Forecasting in 1989. That issue marked the twentieth anniversary of the publication of his article with John Bates, which is widely regarded as the seminal article in the field of forecast combination. This article returns to two of the topics in ‘Combining forecasts – twenty years later’ that are of much current interest, namely the impact of forecasters’ different information sets on the original point forecast combination result, and properties of different methods of combining density forecasts. A parallel result to his inefficiency-of-mean-forecasts result for point forecasts is seen to apply to density forecasts, where logarithmic combination is shown to have some advantage over linear combination

Os efeitos das alterações comportamentais das vítimas de trauma crânio-encefálico para o cuidador familiar Los efectos de las alteraciones comportamentales de las victimas de trauma cráneo encefálico para el cuidador familiar Effect of the behavioral alterations of victims of traumatic brain injury for the family caregiver

O estudo teve como objetivos identificar alterações na intensidade que os comportamentos negativos das vítimas de Trauma Craniencefálico (TCE) afetavam o cuidador familiar principal, comparando o período anterior ao posterior ao trauma e verificar a relação entre intensidade dessas alterações e tempo decorrido após o evento traumático. Incluiu 50 cuidadores de vítimas com diferentes níveis de dependência após TCE. Os efeitos dos comportamentos da vítima para o cuidador foram mensurados por meio da escala Likert, tendo em vista onze comportamentos negativos citados em literatura. Na visão do cuidador, a vítima ficou mais agressiva, ansiosa, dependente, deprimida, irritada, esquecida, com temperamento mais explosivo, após o trauma, além de mais egocêntrica, impulsiva, com maior inadequação social e oscilação de humor. Os seis primeiros comportamentos citados eram os que afetaram mais negativamente o cuidador. Não houve relação entre o tempo decorrido e os efeitos das alterações comportamentais.<br>El estudio tiene como objetivos identificar las alteraciones en la intensidad con que los comportamientos negativos de las victimas de Trauma Cráneo-Encefálico (TCE) inciden sobre el cuidador familiar principal, comparando los periodos anterior y posterior al trauma, y verificar la relación entre la intensidad de esas alteraciones y el tiempo transcurrido después del evento traumático. Los participantes son 50 casos de cuidadores de victimas con diferentes niveles de dependencia tras TCE. Los efectos de los comportamientos de la victima para con el cuidador fueron medidos por medio de una escala Likert, teniéndose en cuenta once comportamientos negativos mencionados en la literatura. En la visión del cuidador, la victima después del trauma está más agresiva, ansiosa, dependiente, deprimida, irritada, olvidadiza, con temperamento más explosivo, además de más egocentrista, impulsiva, con mayor inadecuación social y variación de humor. Los seis primeros comportamientos mencionados fueron los que más incidieron negativamente sobre el cuidador. No se encontró relación entre el tiempo transcurrido y los efectos de las alteraciones comportamentales.<br>This study aimed to identify alterations in the intensity at which the negative behaviors of the victims of traumatic brain injury (TBI) affect the main family caregiver comparing the periods before and after the trauma and to verify the relation between the intensity of these alterations and time passed after the traumatic event. Participants were 50 caregivers of victims with different levels of dependence after TBI. The effect of the victim&#8217;s behaviors on the caregiver was measured by means of a Likert scale, in view of eleven negative behaviors cited in literature. According to the caregiver, the victim was more aggressive, anxious, dependent, depressed, irritated, and forgetful after the trauma, with a more explosive temperament, more self-centered, impulsive, with greater social inadequacy and mood oscillation. The first six cited behaviors were the ones that affected the caregiver more negatively. No relation was found between the passed time and the effect of the behavioral alteration

Epistemic Uncertainty Sampling

International audienc